India celebrates National Dolphin Day with focus on Gujarat’s conservation success

This year, the spotlight is on the nation’s western coast, where Gujarat—home to India’s most extended coastline—has appeared as an effective hub for dolphin conservation.

April 14: A Day to Celebrate Dolphins and Marine Life

National Dolphin Day, observed on April 14, is dedicated to spreading awareness about the ecological significance of dolphins, their conservation, and the need to protect their natural habitats. This year, the spotlight is on Gujarat, which is emerging as a crucial center for dolphin conservation in India.

Gujarat’s Coastline: A Safe Haven for Dolphins

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Gujarat, with its 1,600 km-long coastline, boasts a rich marine ecosystem. According to the latest Dolphin Census conducted by the Gujarat Forest Department, around 680 dolphins were recorded across a 4,087 sq. km stretch of marine territory—highlighting the positive impact of ongoing conservation efforts.

Key Findings from the Census:

• Marine National Park & Sanctuary (Gulf of Kutch):
  • 498 dolphins recorded across 1,384 sq. km
• Northern Gulf of Kutch:
  • 168 dolphins in 1,821 sq. km
• Bhavnagar:
  • 10 dolphins recorded
• Morbi:
  • 4 dolphins recorded

Dolphins: Guardians of the Marine Ecosystem

Marine experts emphasize the critical ecological role dolphins play. As top predators, they help maintain a balanced marine food web, and their presence signals a healthy ocean ecosystem.

The Role of Coastal Communities

Conservation success is also attributed to the support of coastal fishing communities, particularly those from Kutch to Bhavnagar, who have shown increasing awareness and cooperation in protecting dolphin habitats.

Spotlight on the Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin

The Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin is the most frequently sighted species along Gujarat’s coast. Identified by its distinctive hump and elongated dorsal fin, this species is known for its acrobatic behavior and friendly nature. Found in shallow estuarine waters, these dolphins feed on fish, crabs, and shrimp.

India’s National Aquatic Animal

India officially declared the dolphin as its National Aquatic Animal in October 2009. The Ganga Dolphin, a freshwater species, was chosen as a symbol of the purity and health of the Ganges River.