Experts Warn of Harmful Indoor Pollutants Affecting Respiratory Health
Indoor pollution is emerging as a serious threat to respiratory health, with experts warning that daily household activities can exacerbate asthma and other breathing issues. While outdoor air pollution and smoking have long been recognized as significant health risks, indoor pollutants—such as tobacco smoke, mold, cleaning agents, incense sticks, and paints—pose equal, if not greater, dangers to lung function.
Common Household Pollutants
Dr. Kashmira Jhala, a pulmonology specialist, explained that common household pollutants can worsen air quality and contribute to a variety of respiratory issues. “Excess moisture in homes can lead to mold growth, which is a major trigger for asthma and allergies,” she stated. “Insect or bird droppings, especially from pigeons, can also worsen indoor air quality.” These factors, when left unchecked, can inflame the airways and increase the risk of asthma attacks, particularly in patients who fail to adhere to prescribed medications.
Moreover, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from products such as mosquito repellents, incense sticks, cleaning agents, and paints are common in many homes. These compounds are released into the air and can irritate the respiratory system, contributing to long-term health issues. Experts warn that the impact of these indoor pollutants is often compounded by poor ventilation, which traps harmful particles inside.
Impact on Asthma and Respiratory Health
The effects of indoor pollution are particularly concerning for individuals with asthma. Dr. Jhala emphasized the risks of medication non-compliance, which can exacerbate symptoms and increase the likelihood of severe attacks. “Skipping prescribed inhalers leaves airways inflamed and constricted,” she explained. “This can lead to persistent symptoms like coughing, breathlessness, and wheezing. In the worst-case scenario, it may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.”
The long-term neglect of asthma management can cause permanent lung damage, reduce overall lung function, and result in frequent hospital visits. Doctors stress the importance of regular inhaler use in managing symptoms, preventing attacks, and maintaining overall lung health.
Rising Number of Respiratory Emergencies
According to data from EMRI-108, the number of breathing-related emergencies in Ahmedabad has increased drastically in recent years. In 2022, the city saw around 20,000 respiratory emergencies, but this figure jumped to over 32,500 in 2024, marking a 60% increase. The trend is not limited to Ahmedabad alone. Other major cities like Rajkot, Surat, and Vadodara have seen a significant rise in respiratory emergencies, with the total number of cases across these cities rising by 66% from 74,700 in 2022 to over 1.24 lakh in 2024.
Doctors believe these numbers are primarily driven by asthma cases, underscoring the need for better awareness and management of asthma and other respiratory conditions. “We’ve seen a 40% rise in asthma cases over the past five years, particularly among teenagers and young adults,” noted Dr. Vaishal Sheth, a consultant pulmonologist. He attributed the increase to both indoor and outdoor air pollution, as well as greater awareness among young people about asthma and its symptoms.
The Dangers of Passive Smoking
Another concerning issue highlighted by experts is passive smoking, or secondhand smoke, which can trigger asthma attacks, worsen conditions like bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and irritate the airways. Passive smoking remains a major risk factor for respiratory illnesses, even for non-smokers who are exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes or workplaces.
Long-term exposure to passive smoke can significantly reduce lung function and increase the risk of chronic respiratory illnesses. Doctors advise families to eliminate smoking in indoor spaces and ensure good ventilation to minimize exposure to harmful pollutants.
The Role of Inhalers in Managing Asthma
For individuals already diagnosed with asthma, proper inhaler use is critical. Inhalers deliver medication directly to the lungs, where it works quickly to relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation. When used regularly, inhalers help control asthma symptoms and prevent exacerbations. Doctors emphasize that inhalers are essential in managing asthma, particularly for those who live in environments with high levels of indoor pollution.
In conclusion, experts urge people to be aware of the hidden pollutants in their homes and take steps to minimize exposure. This includes maintaining proper ventilation, avoiding tobacco smoke, limiting the use of products that release harmful chemicals, and ensuring regular asthma management through prescribed medications. By taking these precautions, individuals can reduce their risk of respiratory problems and improve their overall quality of life.
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